The most recent outbreak in India occurred in Kerala in , characterized by high fatality rates and high rates of nosocomial hospital originating transmission. As of September 11, , the virus is only present in the southwestern province of Kerala; this area has gone on high alert in response.
The impacted area is not central, making it likely that this region can be isolated easier to help combat the spread of NiV within the country. However, surrounding areas are likely to be impacted if the virus is not contained. The likelihood of the virus spreading throughout the entirety of India is less likely if domestic travel in and out of Kerala is paused until the virus is controlled. The origin of the outbreak is unclear as there is no pattern to when the virus spreads from the reservoir host.
Currently, India is the only country experiencing an outbreak. This outbreak is not impacted by terrain, climate or weather. Response Challenges. It is difficult to respond to NiV outbreaks due to the lack of approved vaccines or medications.
The best form of treatment is supportive care, and ensuring those infected remain isolated. As a result, health officials are engaging in rigorous contact tracing and immediate isolation of identified contacts.
Another challenge is diagnosing the virus as initial symptoms may be mistaken for influenza or COVID, which may delay detection. However, now that health officials are aware of increased virus transmission, healthcare workers have been notified.
Lack of resources, overcrowding of hospitals, and uncontrollable transmission have left thousands without access to treatment. Healthcare workers will now have to work to distinguish patients infected with NiV and prioritize their treatment. This may cause more patients with COVID to be turned away from hospitals, leaving them without care.
Travel Warnings. It is recommended that travel to and from Kerala, and infected areas, is paused until the virus is controlled to deter from a mass outbreak throughout the country.
Principle: Nipah virus NiV is a paramyxovirus that may cause a fatal encephalitis in infected patients. Policy: The current exclusion for travel to malaria endemic areas will be used to exclude donors with possible NiV exposure.
Any donor with a history of Nipah virus infection will be permanently deferred. As per current SOP, any donor not feeling well must not donate blood or blood components. Share this: LinkedIn Twitter Facebook. Like this: Like Loading Follow Following. It is carried subclinically by pteropid bats. Pigs can become sick and act as amplifying hosts.
Entry of NiV into the United States is a public health concern and could lead to swine industry losses. SHIC, launched in with Pork Checkoff funding, continues to focus efforts on prevention, preparedness, and response to novel and emerging swine disease for the benefit of US swine health.
As a conduit of information and research, SHIC encourages sharing of its publications and research. Forward, reprint, and quote SHIC material freely. Sundberg at psundberg swinehealth.
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